Standards

The Central Bucks Business and Integrated Technology Department strives for high academic achievement by strictly adhering to PA approved state standards and National education standards within the curriculum area.  

PA State Education Standards for Business, Computers and Information Technology

Accounting

• Summarize professional designations, careers, and organizations within the field of accounting, including education and certification requirements. 15.1.12.A

• Analyze the roles of policy-setting bodies in the accounting profession, e.g., American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), Pennsylvania Institute of Certified Public Accountants (PICPA), Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). 15.1.12.B

• Analyze business transactions using T-accounts to determine their impact on a business. 15.1.12.C

• Analyze, journalize, and post transactions to general & subsidiary ledgers. 15.1.12.D

• Perform accounting functions using technology as a tool. 15.1.12.E

• Analyze and journalize transactions for short- and long-term assets. 15.1.12.F

• Analyze and journalize transactions involving short- and long-term liabilities. 15.1.12.G

• Identify, calculate, and record depreciation, depletion and amortization; explain their effect on the financial statements. 15.1.12.H

• Differentiate between and journalize entries for issuance or repurchase of stock and the declaration and payment of dividends. 15.1.12.I

• Analyze the various methods for maintaining and valuing inventory (FIFO, LIFO, etc.) and describe their effect on financial statements. 15.1.12.J

• Describe, calculate, and journalize the sales and cost of sales including purchases, transportation costs, sales taxes, and trade discounts. 15.1.12.K

• Describe and explain the criteria used to determine expenses and journalize the expense transactions. 15.1.12.L

• Analyze and calculate gross pay and net pay, including regular and overtime wages, commission, and piece rate. 15.1.12.M

• Explain how the different forms of business ownership and business operations are reported on financial statements. 15.1.12.N

• Compare and contrast the accrual basis and the cash basis of accounting; assess the impact of each on the financial statements. 15.1.12.O

• Analyze and perform the reconciliation of accounts. 15.1.12.P

• Prepare financial statements (including a Balance Sheet, Profit & Loss and Owner’s Equity) and understand their relevance. 15.1.12.Q

• Explain the primary areas of analysis (trend analysis, profitability, liquidity, capital structure) and the information that can be obtained from each. 15.1.12.R

• Analyze and perform a horizontal and vertical analysis of the income statement and balance sheet. 15.1.12.S

• Assess profitability, liquidity, and solvency by calculating and interpreting financial ratios. 15.1.12.T

• Assess capital structure by calculating and interpreting financial ratios. 15.1.12.U

• Analyze and explain the use of industry averages in assessing the financial condition, operating results, profitability, liquidity, and capital structure. 15.1.12.V

• Analyze business activities using cash flow statements. 15.1.12.W

• Analyze and perform breakeven and cost benefit analyses to support financial decisions. 15.1.12.X

• Determine and calculate taxable income and tax liability for both personal and business taxes. 15.1.12.Y

• Demonstrate an auditing procedure that provides assurance that financial records are accurate. 15.1.12.Z

Computer and Information Technology

• Apply the creative and productive use of emerging technologies for educational and personal success. 15.4.12.A
• Evaluate the impact of social, legal, ethical, and safe behaviors on digital citizenship. 15.4.12.B
• Develop criteria for analyzing hardware options to meet defined needs. 15.4.12.C
• Evaluate emerging input technologies. 15.4.12.D
• Analyze the different operating systems and recommend the appropriate system for specific user needs. 15.4.12.E
• Compare and contrast network environments, including the function of network devices and connectivity issues. 15.4.12.F
• Create an advanced digital project using sophisticated design and appropriate software/applications. 15.4.12.G
• Use programming languages to develop logical thinking and problem solving skills. 15.4.12.H
• Compare and contrast programming languages; select most appropriate one to complete a specific task. 15.4.12.I
• Create a complex computer program to solve a problem. 15.4.12.J
• Evaluate advanced multimedia work products and make recommendations based on the evaluation. 15.4.12.K
• Find and use primary documentation; employ an accepted protocol for citation 15.4.12.L
• Evaluate the impact of emerging technologies on various career paths and provide examples of industry certifications within the field. 15.4.12.

Entrepreneurship

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• Analyze personal choices in preparation for entrepreneurship. 15.5.12.A
• Evaluate personal management and organizational abilities to succeed in entrepreneurship. Reference Career Education and Work 13.4.12 A - B 15.5.12.B
• Analyze the impact of entrepreneurship in the domestic economy. 15.5.12.C
• Create a business plan using appropriate data to support the business concept. 15.5.12.D
• Evaluate legal forms of business entities when considering entrepreneurship (e.g., existing business, franchise, new business, corporation, LLC, partnership, sole proprietorship). 15.5.12.E
• Research the opportunities for local entrepreneurship in the global economy and discuss the impact of government regulations. 15.5.12.F
• Analyze factors affecting global pricing including international currency fluctuations, tariffs, price controls, and anti-dumping laws. 15.5.12.G
• Assess advantages and disadvantages for entrepreneurial business in foreign markets; including language and trade barriers, marketing, and regulations. 15.5.12.H
• Evaluate the functions of operations management as influenced by the business parameters. 15.5.12.I
• Evaluate strategies for incorporating emerging technologies into specific business operations. 15.5.12.J
• Analyze issues and cases associated with government regulation. 15.5.12.K
• Analyze an innovation/ business concept and develop a comprehensive business plan. Reference Career Education and Work 13.4.12 A - B 15.5.12.L
• Analyze funding sources for an entrepreneurship including, IPO, venture capital, loans, and owner capital. 15.5.12.M

Finance and Economics

• Evaluate the impact of internal and external influences on financial decisions. 15.6.12.A
• Analyze financial decisions for major purchasing events occurring at different stages in life, systematically considering alternatives and consequences. 15.6.12.B
• Reference Career Education and Work 13.3.11.D 15.6.12.C
• Develop criteria to evaluate employment options. 15.6.12.D
• Assess the purpose, source, and impact of various taxes. 15.6.12.E
• Evaluate criteria for personal spending in relation to the economic climate. 15.6.12.F
• Identify strategies for personal financial management. 15.6.12.G
• Evaluate payment methods for major purchases. 15.6.12.H
• Analyze the functions of the Federal Reserve and other financial institutions. 15.6.12.I
• Analyze the total cost of a major purchase loan agreement using fixed and variable interest rates, calculated over time. 15.6.12.J
• Analyze the impact of a positive or negative credit history. 15.6.12.K
• Research major consumer credit laws and their impact on individuals in debt. 15.6.12.L
• Assess the impact of identity theft; develop a plan for correcting a negative credit report. 15.6.12.M
• Compare and contrast various suppliers of insurance products and develop criteria to evaluate individual insurance needs. 15.6.12.N
• Develop criteria for a disaster management plan that includes provisions for secure storage of digital and paper documents, inventory of household items, cash reserves, and medical records. 15.6.12.O
• Develop financial investment plans to accommodate various economic and personal scenarios. 15.6.12.P
• Apply the “Rule of 72” to estimate the number of periods required to double an investment. 15.6.12.Q
• Compare and contrast various investment plans to achieve goals of liquidity, income, and growth. 15.6.12.R
• Analyze the role of government in investment planning and retirement planning. 15.6.12.S

Marketing

• Analyze and summarize professional designations, careers, and organizations within the field of marketing, including the educational and certification requirements for each. 15.9.12.A
• Analyze how marketing influences today’s households, businesses, and society; including but not limited to business-to-consumer, business-to-business, and consumer-to-consumer. 15.9.12.B
• Evaluate the influence of members of a marketing channel, including company, intermediaries, retailer, and consumer. 15.9.12.C
• Reference Business, Computer and Information Technologies 15.3.12.D 15.9.12.D
• Research and analyze consumer behavior patterns and the effect of those patterns on business and the economy. 15.9.12.E
• Evaluate processes needed to obtain, develop, maintain, and improve products or services; including product development, packaging, branding, product mix, product life cycle, and product positioning. 15.9.12.F
• Assess the distribution process of various companies and industries. 15.9.12.G
• Evaluate the impacts of various pricing strategies on the consumer and businesses at the local, domestic, and global level; including penetration, skimming, supply/demand, and exchange rates. 15.9.12.H
• Design a comprehensive promotion plan for a product or service. 15.9.12.I
• Analyze data collection methods when entering into or expanding a market. 15.9.12.J
• Create a comprehensive marketing plan. 15.9.12.K
• Analyze the costs and benefits of using technology in marketing to gain a competitive advantage. 15.9.12.L
• Evaluate laws and regulations impacting marketing. 15.9.12.M