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1 
Beak structures differ between individuals of one species of bird. These differences most likely indicate

(1) the presence of a variety of food sources
(2) a reduced rate of reproduction
(3) a large supply of one kind of food
(4) an abundance of predators	
2 
A characteristic that an organism exhibits during its lifetime will only affect the evolution of its species if the characteristic

(1) results from isolation of the organism from the rest of the population
(2) is due to a genetic code that is present in the gametes of the organism
(3) decreases the number of genes in the body cells of the organism
(4) causes a change in the environment surrounding the organism 	
3 
Which statement concerning the evolution of species A, B, C, D, and E is supported by the diagram below?

(1) Species B and C can be found in today's environments.
(2) Species A and D evolved from E.
(3) Species A and C can still interbreed.
(4) Species A, B, and E all evolved from a common ancestor and all are successful today.	
4 
A species of bird known as Bird of Paradise has been observed in the jungles of New Guinea. The males shake their bodies and sometimes hang upside down to show off their bright colors and long feathers to attract females. Females usually mate with the "flashiest" males. These observations can be used to support the concept that

(1) unusual courtship behaviors lead to extinction
(2) some organisms are better adapted for asexual reproduction
(3) homeostasis in an organism is influenced by physical characteristics
(4) behaviors that lead to reproductive success have evolved 	
5 
Young birds that have been raised in isolation from members of their species build nests characteristic of their species. This suggests that the nest-building behavior is

(1) genetically inherited from parents
(2) learned by watching members of their species
(3) a disadvantage to the survival of the species
(4) a direct result of the type of food the bird eats 	
6 
Which statement provides evidence that evolution is still occurring at the present time?

(1) The extinction rate of species has decreased in the last 50 years.
(2) Many bird species and some butterfly species make annual migrations.
(3) New varieties of plant species appear more frequently in regions undergoing climatic change.
(4) Through cloning, the genetic makeup of organisms can be predicted. 	
Base your answers to the following questions on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. 

    Scientists attempted to determine the evolutionary relationships between three different plant species, A, B, and C. In order to do this, they examined the stems and DNA of these species. Diagram 1 represents a microscopic view of the cross sections of the stems of these three species. DNA was extracted from all three species and analyzed using gel electrophoresis. The results are shown in diagram 2. Based on the data they collected, they drew diagram 3 to represent the possible evolutionary relationships.

7.  State why the evolutionary relationships shown in diagram 3 are not supported by the data provided by the stem cross sections in diagram 1. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8.  Explain how the DNA banding pattern in diagram 2 supports the evolutionary relationships between the species shown in diagram 3.
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9 
This technique used to analyze DNA involves the

(1) synthesis of new DNA strands from subunits
(2) separation of DNA fragments on the basis of size
(3) production of genetically engineered DNA molecules
(4) removal of defective genes from DNA 

10 
Explain why information obtained through DNA analysis is a more reliable indicator of evolutionary relationships than observations of stem cross sections with a microscope. [1]

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11 
Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram shows the heads of four different species of Galapagos Islands finches.

12.  Scientists observed that when two closely related species of predatory birds live in different areas, they seek prey early in the morning. However, when their territories overlap, one species hunts at night and the other hunts in the morning. When these two species live in the same area, they apparently modify their

(1) habitat
(2) niche
(3) ecosystem
(4) biodiversity

The four different types of beaks shown are most likely the result of

(1) gene manipulation
(2) natural selection
(3) unchanging environmental conditions
(4) patterns of behavior learned from parents	
	
13 
Scientists have discovered that the Oklahoma salamander, Eurycea tynerensis, develops into its adult form in streams where the streambeds are made of fine, tightly packed gravel. Salamanders living in streams with streambeds made of large, loosely packed gravel remain immature. This situation is an example of

(1) the production of gametes

(2) faulty genes found in aquatic organisms

(3) development influenced by the environment

(4) the production of new organisms by environmental engineering 	
14 
Which statement is best supported by the theory of evolution?

(1) Genetic alterations occur every time cell reproduction occurs.

(2) The fossil record provides samples of every organism that ever lived.

(3) Populations that have advantageous characteristics will increase in number.

(4) Few organisms survive when the environment remains the same. 	
15 
A chemical known as 5-bromouracil causes a mutation that results in the mismatching of molecular bases in DNA. The offspring of organisms exposed to 5-bromouracil can have mismatched DNA if the mutation occurs in

(1) the skin cells of the mother

(2) the gametes of either parent

(3) all the body cells of both parents

(4) only the nerve cells of the father 	
16 
A species that lacks the variation necessary to adapt to a changing environment is more likely to

(1) develop many mutated cells

(2) become extinct over time

(3) begin to reproduce sexually

(4) develop resistance to diseases 	
17 
A particular species of shark normally reproduces sexually. In captivity, it was found that a female could also reproduce asexually. One negative result from asexual reproduction is

(1) increased gene recombinations

(2) increased number of males produced

(3) decreased number of eggs used

(4) decreased biodiversity within the species 	
18 
The pedigree of Seattle Slew, a racehorse considered by some to be one of the fastest horses that ever lived, includes very fast horses on both his mother's side and his father's side. Seattle Slew most likely was a result of

(1) environmental selection

(2) alteration of DNA molecules

(3) selective breeding

(4) a sudden mutation 

	
19 

The differences observed in the bird beaks are most likely due to

(1) asexual reproduction of these finch species

(2) the selection for different shaped beaks that best suit different niches

(3) the genetic recombination associated with mitotic cell division

(4) the genetic engineering of the DNA of each of these species	
20.  The frequency of an allele in a fly population changes from 89% to 20% after three generations.  Which other events most likely occurred during the same time period?
	a. An environmental change as a fly population increase.
	b. An environmental change and a fly population decrease.
	c. interbreeding of flies with an invasive species and fly population speciation.
	d. interbreeding of flies with an established local species and fly population speciation.

21.  Tail length in mice varies within a population. Scientists observed change in the distribution of tail lengths in a mouse population over time. At the genetic level, what has most likely happened to the allele for the shortest tail lengths?

A. The allele changed from being dominant to being recessive.
B. The allele changed from being autosomal to being sex-linked.
C. The allele became less frequent than the alleles for longer tail lengths. 
D. The allele began to code for long tail lengths instead of the shortest ones.

Use the graph below to answer question 21.